Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations (in 15%–17% of patients), anaplastic lymphoma kinase-echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like (ALK-EML) (2%–5%) and ROS-1 (1%) translocation have been recently described in NSCLC patients. The gene discussed is ROS1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.