The PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway is often functionally disordered in sporadic and hereditary CRC, activates cell growth, and inhibits apoptosis under extracellular stimulation, such as in the presence of growth factors, cytokines, hormones, heat, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and hypoglycemia30. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.