Finally, our work revealed that miR-155-5p promotes renal fibrosis by increasing the phosphorylated activation of STAT3 both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our findings highlight a miR-155-5p/SOCS/STAT3 axis in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, which may provide promising therapeutic targets for clinical prevention or treatment of this disease. Here, STAT3 is linked to renal fibrosis.