IRF9 and infection: Compared with rNJ0612NME6, infection with M51R resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in mRNA for several cytokines and chemokines (i.e., IL-6, TNF, and CXCL10) (Figure 2C), interferon regulatory factors and transcription factors (IRF7, IRF9, STAT1, and STAT2) (Figure 2D), and ISG (IFIT1, IFIT2, MX1, MX2, OAS1, GBP1, BST2, and PKR) (Figure 2E).