In pancreatic cancer, hypoxia-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 activated HIF-1α, increasing the accumulation of HIF-1α in the cytoplasm and translocating to the nucleus, and then bound to the HRE of ABCG2 and promoted its transcription, thereby enhancing the drug resistance [64]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.