In the lungs, however, the levels of PTEN did not differ between hMSC-treated allogeneic recipients and Scl-GVHD controls, and Smad-2/3 phosphorylation was increased in BM and AD hMSC-treated allogeneic recipients (Fig. 1f, g, respectively). The gene discussed is SMAD2; the disease is graft versus host disease.