MAPT and Alzheimer disease: The brains of AD patients have several distinctive neuropathological features: Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), whose main component is the abnormally phosphorylated tau protein [159]; senile plaques (SP), primarily consisting of beta-amyloid (Aβ) [160]; and neurodegeneration [161], especially relevant in the basal telencephalon, the origin of cortical and hippocampal cholinergic innervation [162,163].