TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: In addition to proving that Klotho replacement therapy suppresses renal fibrosis by preventing TGF-β from binding to TGF-βR2, the investigators also confirmed that the secreted Klotho protein inhibited TGF-β signalling and suppressed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung adenocarcinoma cells.