VPS35 and Parkinson disease: Next, we used real-time PCR (qPCR) to detect the gene expression of lrk-1/LRRK2, pink-1/PINK1, pdr-1/PREN/parkin, djr1.1/djr1.2/DJ-1, vps-35/VPS35, catp6/ATP13A2, and dnj-27/DNAJC10/Hsp40, which are associated with the pathophysiology of PD in C. elegans.