CXCR4 and prostate cancer: In a study to assess the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in prostate cancer migration and tumor invasiveness, it was reported that CXCL12 activation of prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and LNCaP, increased their migratory potential via the upregulated expression of several metalloproteinases (MMPs) [203].