The mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), normal fibroblasts (HFL1), and fibroblasts isolated from patients with IPF (IPF fibroblasts) were treated with TGF-β and IL-6 for 12 and 24 h, and the expression levels of miR-301a were determined. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.