In a cohort in the Netherlands, variants in the genes for ADH were not associated with breast cancer risk nor did they modify the risk associated with alcohol consumption.51 The NHS I reported similar findings; the association between alcohol consumption and risk for breast cancer was not modified by genetic variation in ADH.52 There was, however, evidence that an association between alcohol and steroid hormone levels differed depending on ADH genotype. This evidence concerns the gene AVP and breast cancer.