Among them, we can mention the use of a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secreting tumor vaccine in combination with CTLA-4 blockade for metastatic prostate cancer (7) and the use of an autologous vaccine plus Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) which showed an increased response rate with subsequent ipilimumab for progressive disease in stage III melanoma pts (8). Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.