Eukaryotic cells have evolved the capacity to recognize dsRNA through at least three receptors: toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG1), and melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5 (MDA5), which instigate an antiviral response to combat viral infection and propagation (29). The gene discussed is PLAAT4; the disease is viral infectious disease.