INS and Autoimmunity: The present data support the idea that CT is superior due to the tolerogenic delivery of a diseaserelevant antigen (i.e., PINS) which may preferentially generate or expand islet insulin-reactive Tregs being directed to the intestine by CD3 antibodies which are known to be more suitable for controlling autoimmunity in situ than polyclonal Tregs, especially when the islet antigen is still on board (26, 27).