Inhibition of spontaneous NK cell cytotoxicity by blocking the association of CD2 and CD16 and interfering with NK-target cell conjugation via the CD2-LFA3 pathway through anti-CD2 mAbs could be used in prevention or treatment of transplant rejection as well for treatment of autoimmune conditions deriving in part from spontaneous NK cell cytotoxicity. Here, CD2 is linked to Autoimmunity.