Along these lines, CXCR4-expressing tumor cells demonstrated higher ability to form mammospheres than CXCR4-negative cells (85); like CXCR4, CXCR7/ACKR3 was found to play key roles in promoting the CSC sub-population, as indicated by reduced levels of CD44+/CD24low cells, of ALDH-expressing tumor cells and of Oct4 and nanog expression following down-regulation of CXCR7/ACKR3 (56). Here, CXCR4 is linked to neoplasm.