As with CXCL8, a connection to the Notch pathway was revealed for CCL2 in mediating tumor-stroma interactions, when CCL2 produced by fibroblasts that were activated in the presence of breast cancer cells has elevated CSC levels in cancer cells by activating the Notch pathway, and has induced the expression of Notch1 by the cancer cells (82). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is breast carcinoma.