IFN-γ enhances several microbicidal mechanisms and has been shown to correct defective ex vivo killing of the intracellular pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia in cystic fibrosis (CF) MDM by enhancing autophagy, a regulated cellular process that enables removal and recycling of macromolecules and organelles to promote cellular homeostasis and a related cell process using autophagy machinery that leads to killing of ingested bacteria termed xenophagy (59). Here, IFNG is linked to cystic fibrosis.