Other classes of diagnostic molecules include other nucleic acids such as messenger RNA (mRNA) for the detection of urothelial carcinoma (Urquidi et al., 2016), proteins such as procalcitonin (PCT) interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for sepsis (Lai et al., 2020) the presence of metabolites such as creatinine in serum or urea for renal disease (Stevens et al., 2006) or even presence of volatile compounds in breath analytics are being tested as cancer diagnostics (Markar et al., 2016). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is urothelial carcinoma.