Accordingly, our results indicated that the individual or simultaneous supplementation with starter feeding and alfalfa could significantly enhance the ruminal immune function by regulating the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, the intestinal immune network for IgA production, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the T cell receptor signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, the B cell receptor signaling pathway, and the natural killer cell–mediated cytotoxicity pathway (Figure 5B). The gene discussed is CD79A; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.