Furthermore, according to the expression of intestinal inflammatory cytokines, the supplementation with starter feeding could increase the expression of some proinflammatory cytokines, including the IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ (Maggioli et al., 2016), which indicated that the grain feed supplementation could increase the occurrence of intestinal inflammation, stimulate the differentiation of immune cells, and enhance the immune function. Here, TNF is linked to inflammatory response.