It is well reported that IGF1R and gp130 mediate three major downstream pathways, JAK/STAT, Ras/MEK/ERK, and PI3K/AKT, which play different roles in myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure (Toyozaki et al., 1993; Hirota et al., 1995; Pan et al., 1998; Hirota et al., 1999; Yasukawa et al., 2001; Matsui et al., 2002, 2003). Here, AKT1 is linked to heart failure.