HMOX1 and injury: Evidence showed that MA prevented the releases of proinflammatory cytokines by repressing the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway and enhancing the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) during LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury (Wang et al., 2018).