Normalized plasma neuronal-derived exosomal concentration of TDP-43 was higher in patients with AD compared to HCs (median 1.08 ng/ml, IQR 0.72–1.37 ng/ml vs. median 0.66 ng/ml, IQR 0.48–0.76 ng/ml, Mann-Whitney U = 71.0, P = 0.002) (Figure 2B). This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and Alzheimer disease.