Testing of this recombinant human factor, named as Sargramostim, for AD is based on published results regarding GM-CSF role in AD mouse models, in which GM-CSF seems to reduce brain amyloidosis and reverse cognitive impairment by increasing microglial density and their activation state (Boyd et al., 2010; Kiyota et al., 2018). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is Cognitive impairment.