Importantly, in the brains of those patients who develop parkinsonism, the consequent accumulation of several distinct lipids is associated with α-synuclein pathology (Figure 2), as seen in Niemann-Pick disease type C1, Fabry’s disease, Krabbe’s disease, or Sandhoff disease, as well as in several rodent models carrying mutations in such LSD genes (Saito et al., 2004; Suzuki et al., 2007; Shachar et al., 2011; Nelson et al., 2014; Smith et al., 2014). The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.