VIM and pleural mesothelioma: To our knowledge, N-cadherin upregulation by decreased PDPN levels is a very rare phenotypic alteration, although not unique; the experimental results of Takeuchi et al. [13] also showed that shRNA-mediated downregulation of PDPN in pleural mesothelioma H226 cells also caused the spontaneous expression of N-cadherin, along with vimentin proteins, although the authors did not mention these changes.