The results of one previous study were found to be similar to those of our study; this previous study has reported that lipid accumulation exists in the vascular calcification associated with atherosclerosis, and FXR activation directly ameliorated vascular calcification by activating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase in 5/6 nephrectomized ApoE−/−mice29. This evidence concerns the gene NR1H4 and atherosclerosis.