STAT3 and neoplasm: As NF-κB/STAT3 is overactivated in tumors and directly or indirectly controls tumorigenesis, tumor cell proliferation and survival, metastasis, and chemoresistance, and blocking the NF-κB/STAT3 signaling has been proven to restore sensitivity towards 5-FU in CRC18,34–37, we assume that the above results may be due to the synergistic effect between enalapril and 5-FU in inhibiting NF-κB/STAT3 activity.