IRF3 and Huntington disease: With regard to the mechanism by which cGAS promotes inflammatory response in HD, it is known that the active cGAS-STING pathway activates TBK1, which phosphorylates the transcription factors IRF3/IRF7, and these factors, in turn, regulate the inflammatory cytokines Ccl5 and Cxcl10 (47, 72, 73).