Studies have shown that these pathways can be appropriated by malignant tumors as a mechanism to circumvent antitumoral immune responses.6 Underscoring the importance of these pathways, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated impressive clinical activity, with monoclonal antibodies targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 now approved for the treatment of diverse cancers.7 8. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and cancer.