Recently, a few studies revealed that APCs could modulate TME by secreting PD-L1.7 Compared with tumor-derived PD-L1, APC-derived PD-L1 might be more effective: (1) PD-L1 was negative in some malignancies8; (2) APC-derived PD-L1 can also induce immune escape by binding to T cell PD-17 9; (3) APC-derived PD-L1 was more effective in preventing T cell infiltrating into tumor8; (4) Tumor cell–derived PD-L1 by IFN-γ stimulation was transient, while the APC-derived PD-L1 was stronger, more durable, and partially IFN-γ independent.10 Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.