This finding agreed with many previous studies indicating that PTPRO can suppress tumorigenesis or immunosuppression by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling.14 22 29 Interestingly, Sung Hee Kil et al reported that PD-L1 is regulated in lymphoma by both INF-γ and IL-6 through STAT1 and STAT3 signaling.36 Some of these results were similar to ours, including upregulation of PD-L1 expression by IL-6 in PTPRO low-expression macrophages through both JAK2 and downstream STAT1 and STAT3. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is lymphoma.