It was discovered that restraining generation of ATP by antimycin A and oligomycin, but not inducing accumulation of ROS by H2O2, resulted in repressed UHMK1 and enhanced ULK1 expression in hepatoma cells (Figure 6A–C and Figure S6), suggesting that COX5B-mediated UHMK1 and ULK1 expression regulation was a result of bioenergetic alteration. This evidence concerns the gene ULK1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.