Several genome wide association studies (GWAS) have found a significant correlation between increased frequency of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Cdkn1a gene (encoding p21Cip1/Waf1) that leads to increased p21Cip1/Waf1 expression in NAFLD [86, 87]. Here, CDKN1A is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.