Co-occurrences of mutation amplification, gain, deletions, and high/low mRNA of HMGA2 with those of 43 TGF-β pathway core genes in 348 HCC patients were highly significant in INHBE, INHBC, ACVR1B, ACVRL and GDF11 with all <0.001 of P-values (Figure 3B). Here, TGFB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.