Further study is needed to determine whether the HMGA2 interacts with PJA1 through the C-terminal tail, and to determine if the HMGA2 /PJA1 complex that binds to DNA and HMGA2-target genes are regulated by the interaction with PJA1 in TGF-β signaling in HCC cells. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.