KEAP1 and neoplasm: Similarly, the grafted subcutaneous tumor sizes in nude mice were significantly larger in A549 cells transfected with the R320Q KEAP1 mutant than those inA549 cells transfected with WT KEAP1. These data suggest that the somatic mutations of KEAP1 identified in Chinese patients with LSCC likely promote the development of lung cancer through activation of the antioxidative stress response in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway.