Furthermore, disruption of the insulin signaling inhibits the PI3K/Akt pathway, and over-phosphorylation of tau results in the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that induce neuron and brain neuronal cell apoptosis, which lead to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease [5]. Here, INS is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.