TNF and infectious otitis media: In another study by Mendes et al. [105] using AOM/DSS-induced carcinogenesis in mice, a mixture of L. acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidum led to a 40% reduction of tumour incidence, as well as lower levels of TNF-α and more IL-10 in the colon [105].