PIK3CB and melanoma: In 2009, in a murine model, Dankort and colleagues proved how the expression of a constitutively-active BRAFV600E led to a melanoma growth, especially while associated with other altered pathways, such as the inhibition of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) and the consequent hyper-activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway [23].