PDE4DIP and cancer: Furthermore, other studies had reported up-regulation or down-regulation of TMEM156, ELOVL5, KIF23, AMPD3, CCNB1, CENPE, UBE2C, NXPE3, and PDE4DIP to be associated with numerous types of cancers in humans, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer [35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45].