MTOR and cancer: In fact, they harbor a mutation in BRAF V600E/K and CDKN2A genes (see Cosmic website, https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic); they have low expression of PTEN [30]; they have an activated PI3K/Akt pathway [31] evidenced by the high expression of genes induced by this pathway, such as PDK1, MTOR, EIF4EBP1, RPS6KB1, MYC, CCND1, SGK1 RICTOR ([32] for gene expression in M14 cells, see also the CellExpress gene expression database for cancer cell lines and clinical samples, http://cellexpress.cgm.ntu.edu.tw/; [33]).