NTS and cancer: The most significantly overexpressed genes (top 100) included: cancer-testis antigens (e.g., MAGEA4, which was also the most significantly overexpressed gene, MAGEA9, DSCR8, SYCE3); the AURKB gene, encoding an Aurora kinase involved in mitotic progression; the tyrosine kinase receptor gene ERBB4 (HER4); genes encoding metalloproteinases (e.g., MMP10, MMP9, MMP1); genes related to neural development (e.g., NCAM2, NTS, ATCAY, CBLN2); embryonic stem cell genes (CLDN6, which encodes an embryonic cell junction protein); and germ cell markers (SALL4) (Figure 4A, Supplementary Table S8).