von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene is the most commonly alterated gene in ccRCC [76], mesenchymal epithelial transition receptor (MET) gene alteration is frequently found in sporadic papillary type 1 RCC, while sporadic papillary type 2 RCC is characterized by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), SET domain containing 2 (SETD2), neurofibromin 2 (NF2), Cullin-3 (CUL3), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mutations, and chromosomes alterations [77]. Here, NF2 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.