IFIH1 and infection: Infections with RNA viruses, such as coronaviruses, influenza viruses and Ebolavirus activate sensors of extracellular or endosomal RNA, such as TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 (20), and sensors of intracellular RNA, such as IFIH1/MDA5, ZBP1, and DDX58/RIG-I (21–28).