The breakthrough in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was the introduction of small-molecular-weight tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI) of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling pathway (sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib), which inhibit the intracellular domain of VEGF receptors. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.