On the one hand, neutrophils and macrophages may secrete IL-6, TNF, IL-17A, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF), and granulocyte CSF, all of which tip the scales in favour of hyperinflammation; on the other hand, regulatory T cells, natural killer cells, and B cells secrete IL-15, IFN-α, -β, and -γ, IL-12, and 1L-21, which aid viral clearance and hence need to be spared.19 There is, therefore, a need for caution in selecting which precise components of the cytokine system to target therapeutically in patients with COVID-19. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and COVID-19.