Finally, much like in AD, Tau phosphorylation and aggregation have been noted to occur in Down syndrome61–64 (trisomy 21), with brain changes of aged individuals with Down syndrome nearly identical to those of AD patients, consisting of both senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of Aβ and phosphorylated Tau, respectively65. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.