EDN1 and ovarian carcinoma: Next, as it has been reported that ET-1 induces PI3K/AKT pathway, which is responsible for inhibiting fibroblast apoptosis [49], protecting ovarian carcinoma cells against paclitaxel-induced apoptosis [50], or even regulating ET-1-induced fibroblast differentiation and contraction [29], we investigated the role of PI3K/AKT/GSK pathway activation by ET-1 in the regulation of FN expression and in the activation of senescence.