AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: In addition to the widely used alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), and third electrophoretic form of lentil lectin-reactive AFP (AFPL3) tumor markers for HCC, some miRNAs and new biomarkers, such as heat shock protein 90-α (Hsp90α) and a metabolite biomarker, have been discovered recently, and have shown high performance in the diagnosis of HCC [8–11].