TGFB1 and cancer: Recently, we reported that PSPC1 could potentiate TGF-β1 autocrine signaling to cancer cells and function as the master activator of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the stemness via activation of EMT and stemness core transcription factors such as Snail, Slug, Twist and Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, respectively [39,40].