In a meta-analysis of studies between 2001–2015 involving more than 24,000 patients with non-RCC tumours, there was a strongly significant association between immunohistochemical CAIX staining and several different endpoints, including overall survival, disease-free survival, locoregional control, disease-specific survival, metastasis-free survival, and progression-free survival [155]. This evidence concerns the gene CA9 and neoplasm.